CENTRAL ROLES AND REGULATORY MECHANISMS OF DUAL-SPECIFICITY MAPK PHOSPHATASES IN DEVELOPMENTAL AND STRESS SIGNALING

Central Roles and Regulatory Mechanisms of Dual-Specificity MAPK Phosphatases in Developmental and Stress Signaling

Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) cascades are conserved signaling modules that integrate multiple signaling pathways.One level of control on the activity of MAPKs is through their negative regulators, MAPK phosphatases (MKPs).Therefore, MKPs also play an integrative role for plants responding stedy stand aid to diverse environmental stimulus

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Thermodynamics, maximum power, and the dynamics of preferential river flow structures at the continental scale

The organization of drainage basins shows some reproducible phenomena, as exemplified by self-similar fractal river network structures and typical scaling laws, and these have been related to energetic optimization principles, such as minimization of oval hexagon glass jar stream power, minimum energy expenditure or maximum "access".Here we describ

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